A Good Man is Hard To Find: “Good” When Faced With Conflict Essay examp

As indicated by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, there are eighty-one sections for the little and apparently basic word, â€Å"good.† The primary definition given characterizes â€Å"good† as a modifier meaning â€Å"of a great character or tendency† (Good). For this situation a â€Å"good person† must be somebody who displays those characteristics of â€Å"favorable character.† In the realm of today, a subject of much discussion has been the idea of what qualifies an individual as a â€Å"good person.† In Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the anonymous grandma battles to find a person with the attributes of a â€Å"good person† both in others and eventually, in herself. This is clear when the grandma unexpectedly apologizes and her â€Å"good† characteristics show when the Misfit has a weapon highlighted her head. â€Å"Good† characteristics are found in an individual in the event that he is confronted with a contention. Flannery O'Connor utilizes dim amusingness, abnormal characters and circumstances, and strict subjects to lead the perusers to a revelation about their confidence and their faith in God. Flannery O'Connor utilizes dim diversion and peculiar circumstances to get a handle on the reader’s consideration. O’Connor was naturally introduced to a Catholic family in the overwhelmingly Protestant Georgia. She adapted not long after her advanced degree was finished that she experienced lupus, an immune system malady that had slaughtered her dad ten years sooner (Meyer). She utilizes the dim cleverness and the abnormal characters and circumstances since she felt that individuals were really more genuine and became â€Å"good† individuals when confronted with clashing circumstances. Her characters experience horrendous minutes that inevitably prompts a revelation. The confidence in wonders and the â€Å"good† in individuals is the thing that all individuals need to find in others, yet for some ... ...rary Journal 36.1 (2003): 46+. Writing Resource Center. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. Great. 1a. Merriam-Webster. Online ed. 2012. N. pag. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. Hendricks, T.W. Flannery O'Connors' 'Ruined Prophet'. Modern Age 51.3-4 (2009): 202+. Writing Resource Center. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. Meyer, Michael. Presentation. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. ninth ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. 362-67. Print. O'Connor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. ninth ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2012. 367-77. Print. Owens, Mitchell. The Function of Signature in 'A Good Is Hard to Find.'. Studies in Short Fiction 33.1 (Winter 1996): 101-106. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol. 61. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Writing Resource Center. Web. 16 Mar. 2012.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut :: essays papers

Crucial Orders of Connecticut The British North American settlements were on the front line of administrative frameworks in their time. They created confederations and different styles of deciding that enormously contrasted from the iron clench hand of the absolutist ruler of Britain. Among these settlements, Connecticut was the trailblazer. Among three significant towns, Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield, Connecticut framed what is today known as a federalist government. Inside Connecticut’s federalism, the thoughts of numerous cutting edge administering strategies were applied, for example, a composed constitution and famous sway. Along these lines, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a plan for the advanced Constitution since it contained a focal government connected to neighborhood governments, three separate parts of government, and a delegate government not at all like the one of Britain. The current federalism that is applied today is organized like that of the Connecticut federalism. A general court in Hartford acts like a focal gathering place like that of present day Washington D.C.. This General court can administer over the towns of Connecticut, yet local people of a town may give contribution to their open official and he can furnish the focal court with this data. The general court isn't to be mixed up as an outright principle. A model is found in segment 11 of the Fundamental Orders. The general court may appropriate financing to the towns, and they may convey them however they see fit. In the event that this was a tyranny, the general court would advise the nearby governments how to circulate their assets. The Fundamental Orders built up three parts of government like that of the advanced day federalism. In segment 1 of the Fundamental Orders, an official office just as a legal branch is chosen. The individual with the most votes turns into the representative, and the following six other participants would hold positions as justices in the general court. The agent branch is built up in segment two where it is expressed that the following sprinters up to the judges will be the open officials to the individuals of their town. These three parts of government are actually the equivalent in present day, yet how they are chosen and named to their position is the main distinction. The thought and structure of the delegate government is the most clear similitude between the U.S. Constitution and the Fundamental Orders.

Im Bringing Womanist Back

I’m Bringing Womanist Back The post youre reading is part of Book Riots observance of #BlackOutDay. We are turning our attention fully to issues facing black authors and readers with help from the folks at #BlackoutDay  and  #WeNeedDiverseBooks. Book Riot is grateful to have a platform to celebrate diversity and critically examine the book world every day, but today we have turned the reins over to our black contributors and guest contributors all working towards social justice and good books. Enjoy! ____________________ I fell in love with Alice Walker, hard. The way you fall for writers who speak to you, get inside you, make you feel things. When  Alice (and yes, I’m keeping myself on a first name basis) introduced me to  Womanist I felt home. I felt beautiful. I felt loved as a black woman, as a black woman, writing. I felt the weight of history, our collective and personal. I felt the earth she walked, the path she followed, I felt like  this woman is talking to me. But not through The Color Purple, that glorious story of women, love, and struggle. It is a must read, beyond classic, but that wasnt it, for me. Alice introduced me to nonfiction. To poetry. To going beyond normal societal definitions, throwing them aside and being my own self, defined as whatever the fuck I want. Or nothing at all. Take me as I am, or just dont. Either way, Im still here, doing me. Ive written about this before: as a college student abroad in England the library was my retreat, my comfort when I was homesick. In the African American writers section of the domed haven, Alice spoke to me, sister to sister, she took me home, reminded me who I am where I came from. In Search Of Our Mothers Gardens became my bible. Through this book, Alice  taught me the words I needed to be myself. Described feelings I’d never even dreamt of, but somehow understood, and knew they applied to me. Sang me to sleep on stories of Zora Neale Hurston, Rebecca Jackson, Coretta Scott King. I turned to this bookâ€"a collection of history, interviews, essays, musings, short biographies on African American writers, the Black Experienceâ€"I turned to it again and again, searching for answers the way you open the Good Book to a random page, knowing that it will give you just what you need at that moment. And it has never failed. It gave me lessons, inspiration, strength. Alice had me at  Womanist. And my antennae vibrated: this is it. Ive never been comfortable with, embraced the word or description of feminist. Just never seemed to fully apply to me, to my experience, although I support women/my/rights (I mean, as you do). Feminist seemed to limit me, to leave out a crucial side of my genetic makeup, equally as important as being a woman: I am black. I cant and wont separate the two, deny one in favor of the other. And more importantly, Im about people, inclusive, full stop. Womanist: “from womanisha black feminist or feminist of colorcommitted to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and femaletraditionally universalist.” For most of my young life I loved a boy. Not just any boy: a beautiful, dancing singing actor boy with a huge heart, sweet sweet laugh and warm brown eyes. We escaped middle school together. Survived high school. Left home at the same time and went to UC Berkeley to find ourselves get higher education. We discovered other truths about ourselves: he likes boys, I like girls. Today I’m married to the woman I love, and I still love him, always. Womanist: “a woman who loves other women, sexually and/or nonexually….loves individual men, sexually and/or nonsexually.” Alice Walker rediscovered Zora Neale Hurston. Brought back into our collective mind this writer/anthropologist/folklorist/incredible spirit who had been forgotten, left out of anthologies, silenced in a tidal wave of reconstructed English literature. One early biographer, Robert Hemenway, put it best: “the bright promise of the Harlem Renaissance deteriorated for many of the writers who shared in its exuberance.” Alice brought back the light, wrote about her journey, and responded: “We are a people. A people do not throw their geniuses away. And if they are thrown away, it is our duty as artists and as witnesses for the future to collect them again for the sake of our children, and, if necessary, bone by bone.”   My experience with our culture, American, is that we don’t value our elders, those who’ve come before us, the ones who gave their lives and brought us to where we are today. We tend to live by that anthem of the 80s, Ms. Jackson’s legacy, “What have you done for me, lately?” If it’s not current, trending, hashtagged, chances are, we’ve already moved on. The women of the Haitian revolution, of the Harlem Renaissanceâ€"of any war, any uprising, any conflictâ€"are mostly not talked about. But they are there. We know of Toussaint L’Ouverture. Marie-Jeanne Lamartiniére, a freedom fighter, “the companion of (the man) Lamartinière” has a wiki entry of less than 10 sentences. Langston Hughes will always be celebrated. Zora Neale Hurston, just as prolific, equally impactful, his contemporary and colleague, had to be resurrected. Womanist: “Traditionally capable, as in: Mama, I’m walking to Canada and I’m taking you and a bunch of other slaves with me. Reply: It wouldn’t be the first time.” In Search of Our Mothers Gardens was published in 1983. We weren’t talking transgender, lgbtq, or #blacklivesmatter, but Womanist is all of the above. We need to remember where we came from, give thanks for our mothers and fathers, and celebrate the culture we continue to create. Womanist: “Loves music. Loves dance. Loves the moon. Loves the Spirit. Loves love and food and roundness. Loves struggle. Loves the Folk. Loves herself. Regardless.” Save

Managing Financial Resources And Decisions Of Finance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3947 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Task 1(a) There are different types of sources of finance. Categorizing according to time they can be: 1. Short term sources of finance 2. Long term sources of finance Short term sources are: Bank Overdraft: Overdraft facilities are provided by banks where a pre arranged limit is first set and then the customer if he exceeds the limit, he has to pay the fee on the exceeded amount and this varies from one bank to another. Trade Credit: When different businesses combine and share finance and make use of finance for meeting common pre decided business objectives the money shared is called Trade Credit. Leasing: The process of using assets for certain period of time by paying rent without actually purchasing or owing them is called leasing. The party who uses the assets is called LESSEE and the party who actually owns these assets is called LESSER and the time period of this contract is called the Term of LEASE. Bank loans: Loan is money borrowed from the lender which the borrower is made to pay back in installments and also the returned amount total is more than the money borrowed. The initial amount borrowed is known as Principal and the additional amount of mone y paid back is called Interest which is a fixed proportion of the Principal. Credit Cards: The concept involved is same as Bank Overdraft except the borrower receives a smart card which he can use to buy products and services. The limit of a card is pre-determined like in the overdraft and the borrower is charged additional fee if limit is exceeded. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing Financial Resources And Decisions Of Finance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Long term sources are: Bank Loans: As discussed above bank loans can also vary in time and accordingly can be a short or long term source of finance. Share capital: When a particular sector of the company needs investment the company can issue shares in the market and use the capital earned to invest for the task. It can be authorized that is the total amount a company can issue to shareholders or Issued which is the actual amount paid by the share holders. Debentures: Debentures is a debt or may be known as borrowed money and is similar to Share except for the fact that the money gained by issuing debentures is not an earning but only a debt which the company has to pay back or at least pay the interest on the amount received per debenture. Debenture holders unlike share holders do not have a right to vote but can encash the money lended at any time since the profit margins are almost fixed. Asset Sales: The company assets which are not in use anymore can be sold to get money in turn, which can be used since it comes into circulation and the assets not in use are dead value. Venture capital: This is the money invested by a bigger company in smaller company to assist and make more profits. When after a study the giant company notices the trend of growth for a small rapidly developing company, it plans to invest money and get good returns benefitting from the rate of growth for a smaller company which could be more than the rate at which the giant company is progressing. Retained profit: It is a part of companys earnings for the previous year which can be used as an investment for further developing the company rather than paying it as dividends. So the figure keeps on cumulating year after year when the company is in profit. Owners capital: It is the total capital money which is owned by the share holders of a company. At launch the company can issue IPO Initial public offering at a fixed price and there after depending upon the growth of the company the value cha nges. Grants: Grants are issued by a Government to small units for helping them to develop their business. The money may be lended at a very low interest or given as a Non return value. ************************************************************************************* Task 1(b) The financial resources discussed above have different implications in an Odd situation of dilution or bankruptcy. Bank loans or Overdrafts are always given against a security which may be a property or asset owned by the company. In case of Failure to pay back the loan if the company is bankrupt the bank acquires the assets against which the loan was issued and can sell them to get the amount issued back to the account. Trade credit taken from other business may go into dilution if the company goes bankrupt and is a sure loss. So the risk involved in trade credit is quite high and the terms of sharing the money should be predefined including actions to be taken in case of bankruptcy. Leasing is a safe play as the assets always belong to the Lesser and if the lessee is unable to return the amount committed as a part of rent or installment the contract can be abolished and the assets are acquired back by the lesser. Credit cards can again be a loss to the issuer in case of a failure to pay back the balance amount pending. A legal action can be taken against the defaulter as per the terms and conditions decided at the time of issue of the card. In case of share capital the position of a company in the market is not always the same. A share holder has to be up to date for the current situation and future trends of the company whose shares he buys. In case the company is expected to go in loss the shares can be sold at a reducing price. Debentures are also subjected to terms and conditions stated by the company at the time of purchase. If the company goes bankrupt the investment goes for a toss. Venture capital is a risk involved investment and the lender has to have a positive forecast for the company where it invests money. **************************************************************************************************** Task 1(c) In regards to the upcoming Sudan Highway Project, I will like to choose amongst the few available options we can choose to finance our project with the option best suiting our needs. As the elapse time of the project is 7 years we can choose over long term financial sources the best amongst which is getting a Venture Capital from any other existing construction company as the project assures good returns for sure in the long run and any company with market experience and knowledge will accept the offer to finance on ratio based system for profit which also covers us from any risks involved since the initial expenses will be high and we expect low returns during first 2 to 3 years. Just in case we are unable to find a Venture interested in investing the capital we can also opt for Bank Loan since that also covers us from the initial risks involved and even if the turnover is below than what is expected for initial years we will have enough margin to switch our needs going ahea d with time. Bank loans will give us flexibility for the funds and the areas of investment and apart from this it also enables us to take independent decisions without being pressurized by a third party investor in the project. Rest about the assets we will need for initial start up can be done on lease basis since investing in assets initially will be highly spending and will not yield expected profit. **************************************************************************************************** Task 2(a) The cost of various sources of finance varies and makes one source preferable over other depending upon the business needs. Discussing a few preferred sources: Leasing In case of leasing the cost is less if the deal is for a short duration as it cuts down the original cost of actually purchasing the equipment and also there is no depreciation since the goods are only rented and now owned. But in long run it can prove costly as the rent paid could be equal to or more than the actual cost of asset. Hire Purchase This is different from leasing as the asset used is actually purchased and owned by the company and a fixed amount is paid in installments. The total amount paid is always more than the actual cost but since the payment is made in installments the burden of big investment is reduced.The equipment used also undergoes depreciation so the loss is tolerated by the owning company. Debt Factoring If the customers fail to pay back the money,the company can actually sell the accounts to a third party which pays the company 80 to 90% of the original amount and the third party in turn does collection on original companys behalf. Government Finance is a free of cost money offered by Govt. for development of a company. The interest charged is either nil or very low so that the company in loss can withstand the situation. Trade Credit is mostly considered as a free source of finance. The supplier can supply goods without receiving the return payment immediately and the payment can be made after a fixed period which is generally 30-90 days. Retained Profits This is the cheapest source of finance since the money is owned and not borrowed. Own Capital this is also a costless source of finance but there is risk factor involved for the money could be lost. Working Capital is the wealth owned by the company on day to day basis.It is the difference between the current assets owned and the current liabilities of the company. **************************************************************************************************** Task 2(b) Financial planning is important for cash budgeting and also for avoiding overtrading.The following points are the benefits of Proper Financial Planning:- †¢Cash Flow: Financial planning can increase the cash flow as an outcome of careful budgeting and planning how and where to spend including tax payment. †¢Capital: The money involved can be increased by planning the investments and calculating expected profits in advance. †¢Income: Income can be planned in advance and decisions can be made to divide it effectively for tax payments or other fixed expenditures. †¢Investment: With the help of proper planning after analysis is done one can wisely make investments to yield more profits. †¢Security of Living standard: By proper planning we can avoid crisis situations or develop management actions to be taken if a situation of crisis arises. †¢Financial Understanding: After doing good financial planning one can access the current market sit uation and make good understanding with working employees to make them aware of the situation and share the plan to progress. †¢Assets: Assets always have liabilities attached. If nothing more then at least the investment is required just to maintain the assets. By judicious planning we can cut down on liabilities and build assets that are not a burden to the company. †¢Savings: To cope with a crisis situation it is always good to have liquidity as an investment which can be used in better sense after planning. Overtrading is an absurd source of loss in trading. Overtrading happens when a business undertakes task and attempts to complete it, but later finds itself short of resources (labour, working capital or net assets).The major cause is improper or no planning to foresee things like manufactured quantity, time involved etc. If things are planned and followed in the right order each trade can be looked as a separate transaction. Planning beforehand always helps to avoid a situation of chaos which may end up shutting down the complete business. Some small units have a false belief that they do not need planning since the money involved is less but the amount is not relevant when it comes to planning. Planning will always help a business to grow in the long run. **************************************************************************************************** Task 2(c) Different types of information is needed by decision makers depending upon the stage of operation they are in. The decision involved can be Quantitative or qualitative. Equity Investors- The share holders require information for making share trading decisions so they can decide on buying new issues or sell existing shares. They want to make judgments regarding movements in future share prices, likely future dividend payments and management efficiency. This helps them take voting decisions in Annual general meetings. They can compare profitability ratios to determine management efficiency. They should have the previous data to compare the market trend and future estimates. Customers (especially buyers of fixed assets) need to know information which will help them understand the long term viability of the business. They should know the warranty terms and service offered after sales from the manufacturer. The customers get info from market surveys or from the current users who p romote or detract a product. Suppliers and trade creditors information needs are similar to those of the short term suppliers. They should be aware of the business position of their trade partners and the future plans of the trading company. If the company still stays in the same line of business only then it is worth to go ahead with a trade credit or else the money should be recovered if there is a doubt that the company may change their LOB. Business Rivals To keep in competition it is important to know the financial ratios of the Rivalry Company. This helps them understand where they stand in terms of profit making and also plan their next moves to stay at par or over par to their rivals. The other business my plan to launch a new attractive offer or scheme for promoting a product. This information is critical so that they can withstand a different relevant offer to counter it. Managers Managers need all financial data for the market share progress, profitability, los s sectors, employee attendance, work inputs, current plans, forecasting etc. Information needed is related to employees along with the short term viability of the organization. Investors Need to know about the current position (profit or loss) in the market and the long term viability of the company including the cash flow to ensure interest. Employees-Need to know the available options in the job market and also the position of their company to ensure job security. Loan creditors -Need information about cash flows and priority of repayment. Long term creditors look at the overall strength of business and estimate future position of the business. **************************************************************************************************** Task 2(d) Different types of finance impacts financial statements in various ways. Assets-Assets have an impact on the balance sheet. A balance sheet shows companys assets, liabilities and owners equity. If the assets are owned and not financed the company is in advantage. In balance sheet assets equal to liabilities added to owners equity. Financed assets increase liabilities and owned assets increase equity. Liabilities-Liabilities also impact balance sheet. More liabilities mean less money owned by the company. If assets are constant and liabilities increase the equity decreases. So if assets are constant and liabilities decrease the owners equity increases. Equity- Owners equity is calculated as the difference between current assets and current liabilities. Whenever the asset or liability accounts changes the equity is changed along depending upon increase or decrease of either an asset or a liability. Revenue-Revenue has an impact on income statement. Revenue is the money bu siness earns in any form. Net income or loss is given by income statement. Net income or loss is calculated as the difference between revenue and expenses. If revenue is more than expenses the company has a net income and f the expenses exceed revenue then the company suffers loss. Expenses-Expenses also impact the income statement. For a business to progress expenses need to be controlled. If expenses are in excess they harm the finances of a business. If expenses are more tan revenue it means the business spent more than what it earned and is encountering loss. A balance sheet is marked based upon the following equation: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders Equity (Owners equity) So a balance sheet consists of 2 parts and each part balances the other. It means that the assets which are means used to perform an operation in the company are balanced by liabilities, equity investment brought into the company and the companys retained profits. Liabilities and Equity are two sources which support the assets used for companys operation. Equity stands for the amount of money which was initially invested in the company and also includes retained earnings which combined together forms a source of funding for the business. So at any point of time balance sheet can be regarded as a snapshot of companys financial position. **************************************************************************************************** Task 3(a) Solution: Forecasted Cash Sales starting from Nov till Feb = pound; 3000+ pound; 4000 + pound; 4500 +pound; 4500 = pound; 16000 Selling Price = Cost price +30% Therefore Cost price + 30%= pound; 16000 Cost Price = pound; 16000 X 10/13 = pound; 12307 Monthly Overhead = pound; 2200 Total overhead for the Budget period = pound; 13200 ANGUS Ltd. Cash Budget Sep 2010- Feb 2011 Estimated Cash Balance at the Beginning of the Period Total Inflows Cash Sales Collections of Credit Sales Bank Loans Total Outflows Payment to Suppliers Payments of Operating and Other Expenses Payments of Equipment Vehicle Expenses Payments of Bank Loan and Interest Inventory Purchases Investment in Short-Term Securities Estimated Cash Balance at the End of the Period pound; 9493 **************************************************************************************************** Task 3(b) Solution:- Weight of the RING = 8 g Cost of Silver (per gram) = pound; 15 Cost of Ring material = 8 X pound; 15 = pound; 120 Manufacturing labor cost = pound; 20 per hour Time to make 1 Ring =2.5 hours Total cost of labor for 1 Ring = pound; 20 X 2.5 = pound; 50 Service labor cost = pound; 8 per hour. Service time for 1 Ring = 40 mins (2/3 hours) Service cost for 1 Ring = pound; 8 X 2/3 = pound; 5.33 Total factory indirect costs = pound; 10,000 1 Ring cost = pound; 120 + pound; 50 + pound; 5.33 = pound; 175.33 500 rings cost = pound; 175.33 X 500= pound; 87665 Adding Total factory indirect costs = pound; 87665 + pound;10000 = pound; 97665 Final price per Ring =pound; 97665 / 500= pound;195.33 Market price for 60 Rings = pound; 195.33 X 60= pound; 11719.80 **************************************************************************************************** Task 3(c) Solution:- To calculate the BEP Total Fixed cost= pound;4.50 X 100000= pound; 450000 Cost of machinery to be added for first year = (pound; 750,000) X 100000 (100000+80000+70000+55000) = pound; 245901.64 Overhead on advertisement = pound; 550000 So TOTAL FIXED COST= pound;450000+ pound;245901+pound;550000= pound; 1245901 BEP = Total fixed cost / (Selling Price Variable cost) = pound; 1245901 / pound; 30 (pound; 5.75 + pound; 5.00) =pound; 1245901/ pound; 19.25 = 64722 So the total number of units to be sold before the company starts getting profits is 64722. So the company should be able to make profits after selling 64722 pieces. **************************************************************************************************** Task 4(a) Profit and Loss account Profit and loss account is prepared to monitor a businesss progress. This includes monitoring sales and costs. If the company shows its going in profits it is good enough but if it is going in loss then relevant action needs to be taken to remedy the situation in future. To start with it takes into account the Trading entries i.e. income from sales and direct cost associated in making those sales. It also takes into account the other expenses in the business along with the balance of stocks at the start and end of the financial year. Balance Sheet Balance sheet is a statement of assets, liabilities and owners equity. The main purpose is to find profits or losses incurred by business. Assets equal the sum of liabilities and equity. It helps to identify financial liquidity problems and identifies companys potential to meet the financial obligations. It gives an account of the working capital and the indebt situation of a company. It gives an estimate if the company can meet its short term liabilities and as to where a company stands if compared to its competitors. Cash Flow Statement The main purpose of this statement is to calculate the cash balance at the end of a period. It consists of cash flows from Operating, investing and financing activities. It gives information about previous sources of cash and enables to predict even cash flows in future. It also gives the potential of a company to meets its financial obligations. Helps identify the main source of cash which is preferably cash from operating activity. It also explains the effects of financing and investment activities on business operations. **************************************************************************************************** Task 4(b) Different Formats of financial statements by business entities: Government financial statements: Government statements either use Accrual accounting or Cash accounting. They can even use a combination of these two accounting methods. They use a complete set of Chart of Accounts which is totally different from the normally used Chart of profit oriented business. Non-profit organizations: For a nonprofit organization a statement generated is simple as compared to a for-profit organization. The statements just include a balanced sheet marked with statement of different activities (indicating income and expenses) which is just like a Profit and loss statement generally made for a for-profit organization. Personal financial statements: Personal financial statements are generally required when applying for a loan or aid. The organization which supplies loan makes filling a form as a formality to access the candidates financial position. This is generally a single form for reporting personal income and expenses. Inclusion in annual reports: For share holders interest the annual reports are generated by the parent company to indicate the progress and assure them their investment is going on a good side. This generally contains letter from companys CEO which describes companys performance and financial achievements throughout the year. To attract new investors pleasing graphics and photos are added to annual report. **************************************************************************************************** Task 4(c) Solution:- Starting the analysis by calculating simple Profitability Ratios: Gross Margin: Gross Profit X 100 Net sales = pound; 300000 X 100 = 50% ( For 2008) pound; 600000 = pound; 250000 X 100 = 38.46% ( For 2007) pound; 650000 Gross Margin increased as compared to last year indicating business has expanded overall in size. Profit Margin: Net Profit Net Sales = pound; 111000 = 0.185 ( For 2008) pound; 600000 =pound; 70000 = 0.107 ( For 2007) pound; 650000 Even the profit margin shows an increase since the Net Profit stood out to be more than previous year. Return on Sales: Operating Income Net Sales = pound; 86000 = 0.143 ( For 2008) pound; 600000 == pound; 136000 = 0.209 ( For 2007) pound; 650000 Return on Sales dropped as compared to last year as the retained earnings were less due to more investment done and also the paid dividends were more. Return of Investment: Net Income Avg Owners Equity = pound; 86000 = 0.506 ( For 2008) pound; 170000 = pound; 136000 = 0.618 ( For 2007) pound; 220000 RoI is dropped since the net income was less as compared to Previous Year ,Even the Equity showed a decrease but overall impact shows business is dipping in terms of returns generated. Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio: Current Assets Current Liabilities = pound; 125000 = 1.25 ( For 2008) pound; 100000 = pound; 140000 = 2.00 ( For 2007) pound; 70000 Current Ratio has decreased indicating business needs to plan and manage more assets and try to cut down on liabilities as for a business to grow CR gt; 1 and also the trend should be rising. Mark Up Ratio: Gross Profit X 100 COGS ( Cost of Goods Sold) = pound; 300000 X 100 = 100% ( For 2008) pound; 300000 =pound; 250000 X 100 = 62.5% ( For 2007) pound; 400000 Acid Test Ratio: Current Assets -( Inventories + Prepays) Current Liabilities = pound; 25000 = 0.25 ( For 2008) pound; 100000 = pound; 70000 = 1.00 ( For 2007) pound; 70000 Debt Ratio: Total Liabilities Total Assets = pound; ( 40,000 +36,000+25,000+50,000+18,000+20,000 ) + pound;100000 pound; 125000 + pound; 150000 =pound;189000 + pound; 100000 =1.05 For (2008) pound; 125000 + pound; 150000 = pound;(36,000+3 4,000+24,000+50,000+16,000+20,000 ) +pound; 70000 pound; 140000 + pound; 150000 = pound; 180000+ pound; 70000 = 0.86 For (2007) pound; 140000 + pound; 150000 Since the Debt Ratio which was under 1 last year and has exceeded to greater than 1 now, so clearly the business is not going in Profit. ____________________________XXXXXXX_________________________________ Referencing www.accountingcoach.com www.bized.co.uk www.en.wikipedia.com www.bizfinance.about.com www.businessplans.org www.capitalbudgetingtechniques.com www.economywatch.com www.yourbusinesspal.com

The Impact of WWII On American Minorities - 1612 Words

American minorities made up a significant amount of America’s population in the 1920s and 1930s, estimated to be around 11.9 million people, according to . However, even with all those people, there still was harsh segregation going on. Caucasians made African-Americans work for them as slaves, farmers, babysitters, and many other things in that line. Then when World War II came, â€Å"World War II required the reunification and mobilization of Americans as never before† (Module2). They needed to cooperate on many things, even if they didn’t want to. These minorities mainly refer to African, Asian, and Mexican-Americans. They all suffered much pain as they were treated as if they weren’t even human beings. They were separated, looked down upon,†¦show more content†¦They accomplished more than 1,500 missions over Europe without losing a single bomber. Mexican-Americans were also drafted to war. â€Å"Out of 16.2 million Americans in the armed serv ices during World War II, between 250,000 and 750,000 were of Mexican ancestry† (cite). Also, many from Mexico and Puerto Rico were brought into America as workers, or braceros, through the Bracero Program. This was established in 1942 as a labor agreement between the United States and Mexico. They were primarily brought in the agriculture field, while others were brought into employment on railroads (cite). Asian-Americans were impacted hugely from the war mainly because America was in war with Japan. President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the War Relocation Authority (cite). This allowed Japanese Internment Camps to be built in places throughout America because American authorities believed that any person of Japanese descent, or even other asian countries, might be spies to communicate to their enemy, although some even lived in America already for many, many years. However, those even with proof were not allowed to be an exception. After they put them in the camps, al l their valued possessions were taken away, so they had nothing left at home. And when they were released, they didn’t receive much of it back from the government, so they were robbed from the country they were living in. However, it wasn’t only Japanese people who were in danger; the whole Asian-American community wasShow MoreRelatedWwii And The Cold War1711 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussing WWII and The Cold War from an American perspective, the focus is likely to be centered on the wartime efforts of the country while debating strengths and shortcomings within those efforts. However, while the physical and psychological wars waged on, America’s homefront saw a continuation of fighting in the form of social movements aimed at attaining equality for all Americans. 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Prenuptial Agreement Free Essays

What to do/say to make her willing for signing the prenup The easiest way to convince your girlfriend to sign is by making it clear that it’s to protect both of you, not just you. And make sure to explain that you in no way expect to get a divorce in the future. Don’t lead her to believe that you’re planning your exit strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Prenuptial Agreement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Explain that this is simply a â€Å"just in case† plan. It’s a good idea to bring up the prenup issue early on in the relationship, and definitely before getting engaged, in order to gauge her feelings about the issue. Ask her what she knows about prenups. Make her understand that it’s not you against her; you both have input when it comes to the contract. Make her understand that it’s not about her getting nothing if you part ways. Don’t leave her with doubts. Ask her to be logical about the situation. Although this will likely be difficult for her (it is for most women), if she really cares for you, she’ll put forth the effort. You can include a clause about cheating, if she begins to question your fidelity. Keep in mind that if you agree to do this, then she should have no problem attesting that she’ll remain faithful as well. Ask her to get legal advice she will eventually see the benefits of a prenup on her own. Tell her you love her, and that this is just for insurance. Read more: http://www.askmen.com/money/how_to_150/190_how_to.html#ixzz2XN57hR2j How to cite Prenuptial Agreement, Papers

The Different Roles Played By the Central Bank, Depository Institutions, and Depositors in the Determination of Money Supply

Introduction Until 2007 when a serious financial crisis engulfed the financial services sector, the mechanisms through which money circulated in the economy were considered as fully mastered by bankers, particularly central bankers. As such, central banks could effectively control these mechanisms by playing around with monetary control tools.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Roles Played By the Central Bank, Depository Institutions, and Depositors in the Determination of Money Supply specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On their part, depository institutions and depositors were also considered to play a largely defined role in the money supply. The shattering impact that the financial crisis had on monetary supply led to the need to relook into the traditional roles of these institutions which, together with the changes that have occurred in the way central banks control money supply, are explored in th is paper. The role of central banks in determination of money supply A Central Bank (referred to as the Federal Reserve Bank in the United States) is the financial institution mandated with the responsibility of controlling a country’s (or an economically unified region’s, like the European Union’s) monetary policy, value of currency, and credit supply. It also serves as banker to the government as well as of financial institutions, issues currency and ensures stability in the financial system of an economy, among other roles. The central bank in the United Kingdom is the Bank of England. Established in 1684, it served as banker to the government of England until late in the 18th century when its control was expanded to cover the whole of the UK. In regard to its role in determining the amount of money circulating in the economy as well as how the money moves around, the central bank is the sole issuer of national currency (the sterling pound) in England and Wal es. The central bank determines the optimal amount of money that should be circulating in the economy (monetary stability) through several monetary tools. One of the main tools is open market operation where the central bank, on behalf of the government, sets or manipulates the official interest rates on government securities such as Treasury Bills which, in turn, influences financial markets ‘prevailing lending rates. By setting, for example, the yield of Treasury Bills to be higher than the market rate of lending, the central bank is able to control the amount of money circulating in the economy (in this case the amount of money in circulation is reduced as people are induced to buy and hold short-term government securities which would earn them a decent return in the short-term, unlike cash which does not earn interest) (Adrian and Shin 2009, p.13). Manipulation of interest rates also helps the central bank to control the rate of inflation in an economy as well as improve t he strength of the currency of the country or an integrated monetary region.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Manipulation of overnight lending rates, otherwise referred to as short-term interest rate setting, is yet another important tool through which a central bank is able to effectively control the amount of money circulating in an economy. As this is the rate of lending in the inter-bank markets, a move to raise it has the consequence of raising the cost of borrowing not only between banks but also for consumers as banks tend to pass down the increase in cost to the final borrowers. Therefore, the borrowing from banks reduces along with the amount of money circulating in an economy. The discount window is yet another tool which not permits a central bank to set monitory policies but also allows depository institutions – in case they find themselves in shortage of reserve balances – to borrow these from central banks under certain conditions set by the bank and at a specified (usually higher) rate (Brunnermeier, Crockett, Goodhart, Persaud and Shin 2009, p.16). The discount window has the effect of reducing money supply in the economy; a higher rate of borrowing only increases the cost of borrowing to the banks and subsequently to the final borrowers, which discourages borrowing. Central banks also require depository institutions to maintain a certain proportion of deposits taken as reserves in the form of cash. This cash is to be kept in their vault or be deposited at the central banks. Depository institutions and money supply Deposit institutions such as credit unions, savings banks, savings and loans associations, and more importantly commercial banks, hold a significantly large proportion of a the money stock of a country and, therefore, play a critically important role in the supply of money to the economy, as well as the transmis sion of monetary policies to the real economy through the financial services markets, depositors/savers, and borrowers (The Federal Reserve Bank of New York n.d, p.1). Depository institutions hold money in the form of various types of deposits transfer of which they allow to enable payments. Also, one of their core businesses is lending of the funds they hold directly to businesses and direct consumers. These functions, in addition to the banks investing directly in securities, make depository institutions the focal point of money distribution in an economy (Bodie, Kane and Marcus 2008, p.523). As such, they play a critical role in acting as the link between savers and borrowers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Roles Played By the Central Bank, Depository Institutions, and Depositors in the Determination of Money Supply specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Commercial banks, in spited of a considerably decline in their share of business, still enjoy the lion’s share of business as well as influence so far as taking of deposits and lending activities are concerned. Money creation by commercial banks: The requirement by central banks that depository institutions maintain a minimum reserve for deposits taken brings about the concept of money creation by depository institutions. Consider a bank with a total of  £100,000 in deposits: If, for instance, the central bank requires that 10% of all deposits taken be set aside as minimum reserve, then the commercial bank taking the deposit – ideally speaking – would be left with  £90,000 to lend out to borrowers (90% of the deposits). If the borrower deposits the full amount in the same or another bank, the ten percent minimum reserve rule will apply to the deposit just as in the first deposit, and the bank will have  £81,000 to lend out after setting aside  £9,000 as minimum reserve. If, hypothetically, the proce ss continues until the there is no possibility of re-lending the money (the excess amount available for lending out is zero), the accumulated amount from the above chain of multiple deposit expansion would be  £1,000,000;  £ 900,000 more than the original deposit. Thus, through this process, â€Å"money† is said to have been â€Å"created† by the depository institution (Baumol and Blinder 2009, p.636). This â€Å"excess† amount can similarly be determined using the money multiplayer equation which states; Money Multiplier = 1/Reserve RequirementAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In reality, leakage of money in the banking system occurs because not tall money borrowed in a bank or any other depository institution is re-deposited into a depository institution; leave alone the money being deposited into the bank from which the funds were originally borrowed (Baumol and Blinder 2009, p.637). A fraction of it, for instance, is likely to be held as currency. This leakage diminishes the money multiplier to an amount less than the inverse of the required minimum reserve, thus reducing the amount of money created through the multiple deposit expansion process. Depositors in the determination of the money supply The role of depositors in money supply can best be explained by the concept of money creation as discussed in the preceding topic. Through their decision on what proportion of their money to hold in the form of cash and what proportion to deposit as savings in depository institution, depositors tremendously influence the flow of money in an economy. How the c onduct of monetary policy by central banks changed during the recent credit crunch The financial crisis that began in 2007 highlighted the changing role of financial institutions. Unlike in the past where central banks were in virtually total control of inflation as well as business cycles, deflation – rather than inflation – became a huge source of worry for central banks and economists alike as interest rates tumbled towards zero rate (The Economist 2009, p.1). In addition, it became extremely hard to do pricing of risks leave alone doing efficient allocation of credit (Adrian and Shin 2009a, p.603). As a result of the financial crisis, central banks have been forced to re-examine the traditional approaches to monetary and fiscal control and have had to reach for other untested monetary as well as fiscal tools. One of the most important changes in the way of doing business adopted by central banks has been central banks taking on the responsibility of making some of the fundamental judgments about the financial markets previously left to the â€Å"rational and efficient† private sector. This was essentially triggered by the significantly huge blow that the traditionally balanced relationship between players in the financial markets suffered at the height of the financial crisis (Drehmann, Sorensen and Stringa 2006, p.4). Therefore, central banks – through combining more kinds of collateral and credit, as well as credit periods – expanded their lending activities. For instance, the ECB (European Central Bank) began guaranteeing loans taken by commercial banks for a period of up to six months; up from the traditional one week. In the US, the ‘fed’ decided to begin providing loans to investment banks in dire need of cash, the Bank of Japan took more drastic measures by buying equities in stressed banks. On its part, the central bank in Switzerland, Swiss National Bank, went as far as trying to artificially manipul ate the price of its currency. In regard to the changes that occurred in the way central banks conduct their business, the banks found themselves with no choice but to turn from being lenders of last resort to lenders of both first and last resort after commercial banks could no longer trust each others’ ability to repay loans acquired through inter-bank borrowing (Adrian and Shin 2009b). Consequent to the above developments, central banks have been given more authority by their home governments to conduct in-depth supervision of financial institutions. This move, although widely seen as largely necessary to tame rouge bankers, comes with some negative implications. For example, it has the potential of dragging politics into the running of central banks across the world, which challenges a vital element of the pre-2007 consensus about central banking: that central should be separated from politics completely (Levine 2010, p.11). This isolation had effectively managed to repel strong desires by politicians â€Å"to play fast and loose† with inflation (The Economist 2009, p.4). Conclusion Central banks and depository institutions play a tremendous role in managing the circulation of money in an economy. However, the 2007 financial crisis had a huge impact on the traditional perspectives on how money moves around in an economy. Serious doubts emerged about the effectiveness of the monetary control approaches and tools traditionally adopted by central bankers in handling tumulus economic times. Thus, central banks have been forced to re-look into the tools they have traditionally adopted in managing the financial services industry. Also, it is recommended that central banks improvise some of the monetary control tools. Reference List Adrian T, and Shin HS (2010) [internet] The Changing Nature of Financial Intermediation and the Financial Crisis of 2007-09, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Report No. 439. Web. Adrian, T Shin, HS (2009a) â€Å" Money, liquidity and monetary policy† in American Economic Review vol.99, pp.600–605 Adrian, T Shin HS (2009b) [internet] â€Å"Prices and quantities in the monetary policy transmission mechanism† in International Journal of Central Banking vol.5 no.4 [available from https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr396.pdf] Baumol, WJ, Blinder, AS (2009) Economics: Principles and Policy. 11th ed. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning Bodie, Z. Kane, A Marcus, A (2008) Essentials of Investments 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Brunnermeier, M, Crockett, A, Goodhart, C, Persaud, A Shin, H (2009) Fundamental Principles of Financial Regulation London: Centre for Economic Policy Research Drehmann, M, Sorensen, S Stringa, M (2006) [internet] â€Å"The impact of credit and interest rate risk on banks: an economic value and a capital adequacy perspective’, mimeo, Bank of England [available from https://www.bis.org/bcbs/events/rtf06stringa_etc.pdf] Le vine, R (2010) [internet] â€Å"The governance of financial regulation: reform lessons from the recent crisis†, BIS Working Papers No 329 [available from https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap55.pdf] The Economist (Apr 23rd 2009) [internet] The Monetary-Policy Maze [available from https://www.economist.com/briefing/2009/04/23/the-monetary-policy-maze] The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (n.d) [internet] The Role of Depository institutions. Web. 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